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断路器故障处理

2013-12-16 8:22:27      点击:

拒合”故障的判断和处理
发生“拒合”情况,基本上是在合闸操作和重合闸过程中。此种故障危害性较大,

例如在事故情况下要求紧急投入备用电源时,如果备用电源断路器拒绝合闸,则会扩大事故。判断断路器“拒合”的原因及处理方法一般可以分三步。
1)检查前一次拒绝合闸是否因操作不当引起(如控制开关放手太快等),用控制开关再重新合一次。
2)若合闸仍不成功,检查电气回路各部位情况,以确定电气回路是否有故障。检查项目是:合闸控制电源是否正常;合闸控制回路熔断器和合闸回路熔断器是否良好;合闸接触器的触点是否正常;将控制开关扳至“合闸时”位置,看合闸铁芯动作是否正常。
3)如果电气回路正常,断路器仍不能合闸,则说明为机械方面故障,应停用断路器,报告调度安排检修处理。
经过以上初步检查,可判定是电气方面,还是机械方面的故障。常见的电气回路故障和机械方面的故障分别叙述如下。
1、电气方面常见的故障
若合闸操作前红、绿灯均不亮,说明无控制电源或控制回路有断线现象。可检查控制电源和整个控制回路上的元件是否正常,如:操作电压是否正常,熔断器是否熔断,防跳继电器是否正常,断路器辅助接点接触是否良好等。
当操作合闸后绿灯闪光,而红灯不亮,仪表无指示,喇叭响,断路器机械分、合闸位置指示器仍在分闸位置,则说明操作手柄位置和断路器的位置不对应,断路器未合上。其常见的原因有:合闸回路熔断器熔断或接触不良;合闸接触器未动作;合闸线圈发生故障。
当操作断路器合闸后,绿灯熄灭,红灯瞬时明亮后又熄灭,绿灯又闪光且有喇叭响,说明断路器合上后又自动跳闸。其原因可能是断路器合在故障线路上造成保护动作跳闸或断路器机械故障不能使断路器保持在合闸状态。
若操作合闸后绿灯闪光或熄灭,红灯不亮,但表计有指示,机械分、合闸位置指示器在合闸位置,说明断路器已经合上。可能的原因是断路器辅助接点接触不良,例如常闭接点未断开,常开接点未合上,致使绿灯闪光和红灯不亮;还可能是合闸回路断线或合闸红灯烧坏。
操作手把返回过早。

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